静怡家园

CentOS 7.5 最小化安装之后突遇停电，导致系统无法正常启动直接进入修复模式，经过文件系统修复之后系统开机启动。

进系统之后，启动某些服务发现仍然有分区文件损坏，于是想要卸载分区挂载点来修复文件系统，结果执行umount的时候无法卸载，逐执行fuser命令查看是什么进程在占用，结果直接报-bash: fuser: command not found，找不到此命令。

一般这种错误就是系统没有安装相关的包，所以没有这个命令，解决方法很简单，找到这个命令在哪个包里，安装上就可以了，但是麻烦的就是很多命令你不知道是在哪个包里面，还好yum有个功能可以查到某个命令在哪个包里面，使用yum provides  ifconfig，yum provides lsof，yum provides fuser等可以查到这个命令的安装包是什么，用起来很方便。
# yum provides fuser Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com psmisc-22.20-15.el7.x86_64 : Utilities for managing processes on your system Repo        : base Matched from: Filename    : /usr/sbin/fuser psmisc-22.20-15.el7.x86_64 : Utilities for managing processes on your system Repo        : @base Matched from: Filename    : /usr/sbin/fuser
知道在哪个包里使用yum安装即可。
# yum -y install psmisc Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com base                                                                                                                              | 3.6 kB  00:00:00     extras                                                                                                                            | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     updates                                                                                                                           | 3.4 kB  00:00:00     Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package psmisc.x86_64 0:22.20-15.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ========================================================================================================================================================= Package                            Arch                               Version                                    Repository                        Size ========================================================================================================================================================= Installing: psmisc                             x86_64                             22.20-15.el7                               base                             141 k Transaction Summary ========================================================================================================================================================= Install  1 Package Total download size: 141 k Installed size: 475 k Downloading packages: psmisc-22.20-15.el7.x86_64.rpm                                                                                                    | 141 kB  00:00:00     Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction   Installing : psmisc-22.20-15.el7.x86_64                                                                                                            1/1   Verifying  : psmisc-22.20-15.el7.x86_64                                                                                                            1/1 Installed:   psmisc.x86_64 0:22.20-15.el7                                                                                                                           Complete!

最近在老的机器（CentOS 5）上使用yum的时候发现不能正常使用，打开相关源的地址之后发现很多源都已经抛弃了CentOS 5了，大家常用的如：
1、网易：http://mirrors.163.com/centos/
2、搜狐：http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/
3、科技大学：http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/centos/
无一例外，全都不可使用了，于是前往阿里云的镜像源看看，发现阿里云的源还保留着，阿里云Linux安装镜像源地址：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/，这样就简单了，只需将系统的更新源替换为阿里云的即可。
CentOS系统更换软件安装源：
1、备份mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
2、下载新的CentOS-Base.repo 到/etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS 5 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo CentOS 6 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo CentOS 7 wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
3、之后运行yum makecache生成缓存
yum clean all yum makecache
如果你使用的是阿里云的服务器，将源的域名从mirrors.aliyun.com改为mirrors.aliyuncs.com,不占用公网流量。
#批量替换： sed -i 's#mirrors.aliyun.com#mirrors.aliyuncs.com#' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo

#!/bin/bash PATH=/bin:/sbin:/usr/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:~/bin export PATH # Check if user is root if [ $(id -u) != "0" ]; then     echo "Error: You must be root to run this script!"     exit 1 fi clear echo "+----------------------------------------------------------+" echo "|Author:jingyihome                                         |" echo "+----------------------------------------------------------+" echo "|E-mail:webmaster@zhanghaijun.com                          |" echo "+----------------------------------------------------------+" echo "|Website:http://www.zhanghaijun.com                        |" echo "+----------------------------------------------------------+" echo "|Usage: ./proftpd.sh or ./proftpd.sh install|uninstall     |" echo "+----------------------------------------------------------+" cur_dir=$(pwd) Proftpd_Ver='proftpd-1.3.6rc2' installdir="/usr/local/proftpd" Install_Proftpd() {     echo -e "\033[32m Installing dependent packages... \033[0m"       yum -y install make gcc gcc-c++ gcc-g77 openssl openssl-devel wget     echo -e "\033[32m Download files... \033[0m"     cd ${cur_dir}/     wget --no-check-certificate https://soft.loveyan.com/ftp/proftpd/${Proftpd_Ver}.tar.gz ${cur_dir}/${Proftpd_Ver}.tar.gz     if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then         echo "Download ${Proftpd_Ver}.tar.gz successfully!"     else         wget ftp://ftp.proftpd.org/distrib/source/${Proftpd_Ver}.tar.gz ${cur_dir}/${Proftpd_Ver}.tar.gz     fi     echo -e "\033[32m Installing proftpd... \033[0m"     tar xzvf ${Proftpd_Ver}.tar.gz ${Proftpd_Ver}     cd ${Proftpd_Ver}     ./configure --prefix=${installdir}     make && make install     cd ${cur_dir}/     echo -e "\033[32m Create configure files... \033[0m"     mv ${installdir}/etc/proftpd.conf ${installdir}/etc/bak_proftpd.conf     wget --no-check-certificate https://soft.loveyan.com/ftp/proftpd/proftpd.conf     if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then          sed -i "s#/usr/local/ftp/proftpd#${installdir}#g" ${cur_dir}/proftpd.conf          mv ${cur_dir}/proftpd.conf ${installdir}/etc/     else         echo -e "\033[31m Download proftpd.conf failed! \033[0m"         exit 1     fi     if [ -L /etc/init.d/proftpd ]; then         rm -f /etc/init.d/proftpd     fi     wget --no-check-certificate https://soft.loveyan.com/ftp/proftpd/proftpdinit     if [ $? -eq 0 ]; then          sed -i "s#/usr/local/ftp/proftpd#${installdir}#g" ${cur_dir}/proftpdinit          mv ${cur_dir}/proftpdinit /etc/init.d/proftpd          chmod +x /etc/init.d/proftpd          touch ${installdir}/etc/ftpd.passwd          chmod 600 ${installdir}/etc/ftpd.passwd     else         echo -e "\033[31m Download proftpdinit failed! \033[0m"         exit 1     fi     rm -rf ${cur_dir}/${Proftpd_Ver}     if [ -s /sbin/iptables ]; then        /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT        /sbin/iptables -I INPUT -p tcp --dport 50000:53000 -j ACCEPT     else        echo -e "\033[32m iptables was not installed! \033[0m"     fi     service iptables save     if [[ -s ${installdir}/sbin/proftpd && -s ${installdir}/etc/proftpd.conf && -s /etc/init.d/proftpd ]]; then         echo "Starting proftpd..."         /etc/init.d/proftpd start         ln -s ${installdir}/bin/ftpasswd /bin/ftpasswd         echo "+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+"         echo "| Install ProFTPd completed,enjoy it!"         echo "| =>use:ftpasswd --passwd --file=${installdir}/etc/ftpd.passwd --name=X --uid=X --gid=X --home=dir --shell=/bin/false"         echo "+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+"         echo "| For more information please visit http://www.zhanghaijun.com/post/975/"         echo "+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+"     else         echo -e "\033[31m Proftpd install failed! \033[0m"     fi } Uninstall_Proftpd() {     if [ ! -f $installdir/sbin/proftpd ]; then         echo -e "\033[31m Proftpd was not installed! \033[0m"         exit 1     fi     echo "Stop proftpd..."     /etc/init.d/proftpd stop     echo "Remove service..."     rm -f /etc/init.d/proftpd     echo "Delete files..."     rm -rf ${installdir}     rm -rf /bin/ftpasswd     /sbin/iptables -D INPUT -p tcp --dport 21 -j ACCEPT     /sbin/iptables -D INPUT -p tcp --dport 50000:53000 -j ACCEPT     service iptables save     echo "Proftpd uninstall completed." } action=$1 [ -z $1 ] && action=install case "$action" in install)     Install_Proftpd 2>&1 | tee /root/proftpd-install.log     ;; uninstall)     Uninstall_Proftpd     ;; *)     echo -e "\033[31m error! [${action}] \033[0m"     echo -e "\033[32m Usage: `basename $0` {install|uninstall} \033[0m"     ;; esac

#!/bin/bash # # chkconfig: 2345 85 15 # description: ProFTPd is an FTP server # processname: proftpd # Author:   jingyihome # E-mail:   webmaster@zhanghaijun.com # Website:  https://www.zhanghaijun.com # ProFTPd Settings PROFTPD="/usr/local/ftp/proftpd/sbin/proftpd" PROCONF="/usr/local/ftp/proftpd/etc/proftpd.conf" PROPID="/usr/local/ftp/proftpd/var/proftpd.pid" RETVAL=0 prog="ProFTPd" start() {     echo -n $"Starting $prog... "     $PROFTPD -c $PROCONF     if [ "$?" = 0 ] ; then         echo " done"     else         echo " failed"     fi } stop() {     echo -n $"Stopping $prog...  "     if [ ! -e $PROPID ]; then         echo -n $"$prog is not running."         exit 1     fi     kill `cat $PROPID`     if [ "$?" = 0 ] ; then         echo " done"     else         echo " failed"     fi } restart(){     echo $"Restarting $prog..."     $0 stop     sleep 2     $0 start } status(){     if [ -e $PROPID ]; then         echo $"$prog is running."     else         echo $"$prog is not running."     fi } case "$1" in     start)         start         ;;     stop)         stop         ;;     restart)         restart         ;;     status)         status         ;;   *)         echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|status}" esac

一、RPM包下载地址：
http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/repo/yum/

请根据自己的操作系统，选择要下载的rpm包：
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7/CentOS 7
mysql57-community-release-el7-9.noarch.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6/CentOS 6
mysql57-community-release-el6-9.noarch.rpm
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5/CentOS 5
mysql57-community-release-el5-7.noarch.rpm

以CentOS 6为例：


二、安装：
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh mysql57-community-release-el6-9.noarch.rpm warning: mysql57-community-release-el6-9.noarch.rpm: Header V3 DSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID 5072e1f5: NOKEY Preparing...                ########################################### [100%]    1:mysql57-community-relea########################################### [100%]

2.1、选择要安装的MySQL版本：
[root@localhost ~]# yum repolist all | grep mysql mysql-connectors-community        MySQL Connectors Community     enabled:     30 mysql-connectors-community-source MySQL Connectors Community - S disabled mysql-tools-community             MySQL Tools Community          enabled:     42 mysql-tools-community-source      MySQL Tools Community - Source disabled mysql-tools-preview               MySQL Tools Preview            disabled mysql-tools-preview-source        MySQL Tools Preview - Source   disabled mysql55-community                 MySQL 5.5 Community Server     disabled mysql55-community-source          MySQL 5.5 Community Server - S disabled mysql56-community                 MySQL 5.6 Community Server     disabled mysql56-community-source          MySQL 5.6 Community Server - S disabled mysql57-community                 MySQL 5.7 Community Server     enabled:    164 mysql57-community-source          MySQL 5.7 Community Server - S disabled mysql80-community                 MySQL 8.0 Community Server     disabled mysql80-community-source          MySQL 8.0 Community Server - S disabled

2.2、安装MySQL，默认安装的版本是5.7，所以不需要做任何的修改。
yum -y install mysql-community-server

2.3、安装其他版本，假如你想安装MySQL5.6或者其他版本,需要修改 /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo文件。
vi /etc/yum.repos.d/mysql-community.repo 将[mysql57-community]内的enabled=1修改为enabled=0 将[mysql56-community]内的enabled=0修改为enabled=1 保存并退出 然后再执行 yum -y install mysql-community-server 安装的版本就是MySQL5.6了，选择MySQL5.5或者MySQL8.0的方法一样，把要选择的版本的[mysqlXX-community]下面的enabled=0改为enabled=1，不需要的版本的[mysqlXX-community]下面的enabled=1改为enabled=0，然后再执行yum -y install mysql-community-server安装。

三、启动MySQL服务
service mysqld start

3.1、查看MySQL状态
service mysqld status

对于MySQL5.7版本，系统初始化之后会生成root账户的密码，保存在日志文件里，使用grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log 查看初始密码，MySQL5.7的密码要求至少包含一个大写字母，一个小写字母，一个数字和一个特殊字符，并且总密码长度至少为8个字符。

3.2、修改密码
mysql -uroot -p 输入你上面查看到的初始密码 ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!'; 修改root@localhost账户的密码为MyNewPass4!

3.3、安装其他MySQL产品和组件
yum --disablerepo=\* --enablerepo='mysql*-community*' list available yum install package-name  #package-name 为你选择要安装的包名如：mysql-community-client

官方文档：
https://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql-yum-repo-quick-guide/en/