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cvc-elt.1: Cannot find the declaration of element 'beans' 
今天把一个Java的应用迁移到另一台机器上，结果启动tomcat时报以下错误：
Jan 8, 2014 2:31:11 PM org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader validateJarFile
INFO: validateJarFile([省略]/ROOT/WEB-INF/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar) - jar not loaded. See Servlet Spec 2.3, section 9.7.2. Offending class: javax/servlet/Servlet.class
Jan 8, 2014 2:31:11 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext
Jan 8, 2014 2:32:15 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStart
SEVERE: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException: Line 8 in XML document from file [（省略）/ROOT/WEB-INF/classes/spring-ju.xml] is invalid; nested exception is org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: cvc-elt.1: Cannot find the declaration of element 'beans'.
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:404)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:342)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:310)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:143)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:178)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:149)
at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:124)
at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:92)
解决方法：
一、
如果在项目中遇到该异常，通常是项目无法下载到spring-beans-2.5.xsd文件而出现的问题，这里的版本号因项目版本而异。
这里需要配置本地的xsd文件，方法如下：
找到你的项目中引用的spring的核心包，spring.jar
用压缩文件打开，找到该路径
org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/
并将这个路径下的xsd文件以下列形式配置到applicationContext.xml文件中，如果有多个配置文件，则全部代替
即以
classpath:/org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
代替http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
使得从本地直接读取该配置文件
二、配置文件XML的头部声明，具体根据自己使用的Spring版本决定
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
- Application context definition for JPetStore's business layer.
- Contains bean references to the transaction manager and to the DAOs in
- dataAccessContext-local/jta.xml (see web.xml's "contextConfigLocation").
-->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.0.xsd">
引用
Jan 8, 2014 2:31:11 PM org.apache.catalina.loader.WebappClassLoader validateJarFile
INFO: validateJarFile([省略]/ROOT/WEB-INF/lib/servlet-api-2.5.jar) - jar not loaded. See Servlet Spec 2.3, section 9.7.2. Offending class: javax/servlet/Servlet.class
Jan 8, 2014 2:31:11 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationContext log
INFO: Initializing Spring root WebApplicationContext
Jan 8, 2014 2:32:15 PM org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContext listenerStart
SEVERE: Exception sending context initialized event to listener instance of class org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionStoreException: Line 8 in XML document from file [（省略）/ROOT/WEB-INF/classes/spring-ju.xml] is invalid; nested exception is org.xml.sax.SAXParseException: cvc-elt.1: Cannot find the declaration of element 'beans'.
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.doLoadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:404)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:342)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.xml.XmlBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlBeanDefinitionReader.java:310)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:143)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:178)
at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.loadBeanDefinitions(AbstractBeanDefinitionReader.java:149)
at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:124)
at org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext.loadBeanDefinitions(XmlWebApplicationContext.java:92)
解决方法：
一、
如果在项目中遇到该异常，通常是项目无法下载到spring-beans-2.5.xsd文件而出现的问题，这里的版本号因项目版本而异。
这里需要配置本地的xsd文件，方法如下：
找到你的项目中引用的spring的核心包，spring.jar
用压缩文件打开，找到该路径
org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/
并将这个路径下的xsd文件以下列形式配置到applicationContext.xml文件中，如果有多个配置文件，则全部代替
即以
classpath:/org/springframework/beans/factory/xml/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
代替http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
使得从本地直接读取该配置文件
二、配置文件XML的头部声明，具体根据自己使用的Spring版本决定
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!--
- Application context definition for JPetStore's business layer.
- Contains bean references to the transaction manager and to the DAOs in
- dataAccessContext-local/jta.xml (see web.xml's "contextConfigLocation").
-->
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.0.xsd">
