清除指定squid缓存文件的脚本
大型网站架构演变和知识体系
May
18
CentOS 5.5下OpenVPN和Windows下OpenVPN GUI安装笔记 
一. OpenVPN 安装环境
Server 端的环境
1.CentOS, kernel版本: 2.6.18, IP 为 221.233.59.16(ADSL拨号)
2.kernel 需要支持 tun 设备, 需要加载 iptables 模块.
3.安装的 OpenVPN 的版本: 2.1.rc15.(目前最新版 可在http://openvpn.net 上下载).
Client 端的环境: 1.Windows XP SP2
2.openvpn-2.1_rc15-install.exe(此版本集成了 OpenVPN GUI 客户端)
二. OpenVPN 服务端安装过程
1.用putty登录到CentOS
2.下载LZO和OpenVPN 2.1.rc15 wget http://www.oberhumer.com/opensource/lzo/download/lzo-2.03.tar.gz
wget http://openvpn.net/release/openvpn-2.1_rc15.tar.gz yum install -y openssl-devel
3.安装LZO和OpenVPN tar zxvf lzo-2.03.tar.gz
cd lzo-2.03
./configure
make
make install
cd ..
tar zxvf openvpn-2.1_rc15.tar.gz
cd openvpn-2.1_rc15
./configure
make
make install
cd ..
cp /root/openvpn-2.1_rc15/easy-rsa/ -r /etc/openvpn
4.生成证书初始化PKI cd /etc/openvpn/2.0/#可以设置下OpenVPN参数(也可以修改vars文件来配置)
export D=`pwd`
export KEY_CONFIG=$D/openssl.cnf
export KEY_DIR=$D/keys
export KEY_SIZE=1024
export KEY_COUNTRY=CN
export KEY_PROVINCE=GD
export KEY_CITY=SZ
export KEY_ORG="dvdmaster"
export KEY_EMAIL="[email protected]"
#也可以不用设置直接执行下面的命令
. vars
创建证书颁发机构(CA)
./clean-all
./build-ca
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
................++++++
........++++++
writing new private key to 'ca.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]:
State or Province Name (full name) [GD]:
Locality Name (eg, city) [SZ]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [dvdmaster]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:dvdmaster
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:server
Email Address [[email protected]]:
建立server key
./build-key-server server
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
......++++++
....................++++++
writing new private key to 'server.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]:
State or Province Name (full name) [GD]:
Locality Name (eg, city) [SZ]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [dvdmaster]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:dvdmaster
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:server
Email Address [[email protected]]:
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:abcd1234
An optional company name []:dvdmaster
Using configuration from /etc/openvpn/2.0/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows
countryName :PRINTABLE:'CN'
stateOrProvinceName :PRINTABLE:'GD'
localityName :PRINTABLE:'SZ'
organizationName :PRINTABLE:'dvdmaster'
organizationalUnitName:PRINTABLE:'dvdmaster'
commonName :PRINTABLE:'server'
emailAddress :IA5STRING:'[email protected]'
Certificate is to be certified until Mar 19 08:15:31 2016 GMT (3650 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
生成客户端 key
./build-key client1
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
.....++++++
......++++++
writing new private key to 'client1.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]:
State or Province Name (full name) [GD]:
Locality Name (eg, city) [SZ]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [dvdmaster]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:dvdmaster
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:client1 #重要: 每个不同的client 生成的证书, 名字必须不同.
Email Address [[email protected]]:
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:abcd1234
An optional company name []:dvdmaster
Using configuration from /etc/openvpn/2.0/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows
countryName :PRINTABLE:'CN'
stateOrProvinceName :PRINTABLE:'GD'
localityName :PRINTABLE:'SZ'
organizationName :PRINTABLE:'dvdmaster'
organizationalUnitName:PRINTABLE:'dvdmaster'
commonName :PRINTABLE:'client1'
emailAddress :IA5STRING:'[email protected]'
Certificate is to be certified until Mar 19 08:22:00 2016 GMT (3650 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
以此类推建立其他客户端 key
./build-key client2
./build-key client3
注意在进入 Common Name (eg, your name or your server’s hostname) []: 的输入时, 每个证书输入的名字必须不同.
5.生成Diffie Hellman参数 ./build-dh
6.将 keys 下的所有文件打包下载到本地(可以通过winscp,http,ftp等等……) tar zcvf yskeys.tar.gz keys/
7.创建服务端配置文件 mkdir /etc/openvpn/2.0/conf
cp /root/openvpn-2.1_rc15/sample-config-files/server.conf /etc/openvpn/2.0/conf/server.conf
服务端配置文件(server.conf)样例
port 1194
proto udp
dev tun
ca /etc/openvpn/2.0/keys/ca.crt
cert /etc/openvpn/2.0/keys/ovpnser.crt
key /etc/openvpn/2.0/keys/ovpnser.key # This file should be kept secret
dh /etc/openvpn/2.0/keys/dh1024.pem
server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0
ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt
push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp"
push "dhcp-option DNS 10.8.0.1"
push "dhcp-option DNS 202.103.44.150" #客户端获得的DNS地址
push "dhcp-option DNS 202.103.24.68" #客户端获得的DNS地址
client-to-client
keepalive 10 120
comp-lzo
user nobody
group nobody
persist-key
persist-tun
status openvpn-status.log
verb 3
8.启动OpenVPN /usr/local/sbin/openvpn --config /etc/openvpn/2.0/conf/server.conf &
三. OpenVPN GUI For Windows客户端安装过程
1.下载 openvpn-2.1_rc15-install.exe(此版本集成 OpenVPN GUI)官方下载地址:http://openvpn.net/release/openvpn-2.1_rc15-install.exe
2.依屏幕指示安装OpenVPN GUI
3.配置 openvpn gui将上面第6步打包的yskeys.tar.gz中的下列证书文件解压到 你的OpenVPN GUI安装路径OpenVPNconfig文件夹下 ca.crt
ca.key
client1.crt
client1.csr
client1.key
4.修改client.ovpn把你的OpenVPN GUI安装路径OpenVPNsample-config下的client.ovpn文件复制到你的OpenVPN GUI安装路径OpenVPNconfig文件夹下,用记事本打开client.ovpn #找到remote my-server-1 1194,把my-server-1改成你的ip地址
remote 221.233.59.16 1194
5.双击 client.ovpn 即可启动 openvpn, 或者通过 OpenVPN GUI 的控制启动 VPN.
三. OpenVPN 访问外网的设置
1.开启CentOS 5 的路由转发功能 echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
#为了使CentOS重启后仍然开启路由转发功能我们需要再执行下列命令
sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
2.添加iptables转发规则 #因为我那天CentOS是ADSL拨号上网,所以把出口设置成ppp0,请根据实际情况设置
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE
3.必须保证server.conf配置中,有下面三个配置 push "dhcp-option DNS 10.8.0.1"
push "dhcp-option DNS 202.103.44.150" #客户端获得的DNS地址
push "dhcp-option DNS 202.103.24.68" #客户端获得的DNS地址
当 client 连接成功后, 在 cmd 下执行 ipconfig /all, 应该有这类似这样的输出:
Ethernet adapter 本地连接 2:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : TAP-Win32 Adapter V9
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-FF-F2-1A-44-BD
Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes
Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.8.0.6
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.252
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.8.0.5
DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.8.0.5
DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.8.0.1
202.103.44.150
202.103.24.68
Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : 2009年5月8日 23:55:06
Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : 2010年5月8日 23:55:06
四. 设置 OpenVPN 服务器 reboot后自动启动 openvpn
执行
vi /etc/rc.local
然后在最后面加入此行:
/usr/local/sbin/openvpn --config /etc/openvpn/2.0/conf/server.conf &
五.OpenVPN 测试
连接成功之后,去www.ip138.com上看看外网ip是多少,如果是CentOS系统的外网ip那说明测试成功了~
Server 端的环境
1.CentOS, kernel版本: 2.6.18, IP 为 221.233.59.16(ADSL拨号)
2.kernel 需要支持 tun 设备, 需要加载 iptables 模块.
3.安装的 OpenVPN 的版本: 2.1.rc15.(目前最新版 可在http://openvpn.net 上下载).
Client 端的环境: 1.Windows XP SP2
2.openvpn-2.1_rc15-install.exe(此版本集成了 OpenVPN GUI 客户端)
二. OpenVPN 服务端安装过程
1.用putty登录到CentOS
2.下载LZO和OpenVPN 2.1.rc15 wget http://www.oberhumer.com/opensource/lzo/download/lzo-2.03.tar.gz
wget http://openvpn.net/release/openvpn-2.1_rc15.tar.gz yum install -y openssl-devel
3.安装LZO和OpenVPN tar zxvf lzo-2.03.tar.gz
cd lzo-2.03
./configure
make
make install
cd ..
tar zxvf openvpn-2.1_rc15.tar.gz
cd openvpn-2.1_rc15
./configure
make
make install
cd ..
cp /root/openvpn-2.1_rc15/easy-rsa/ -r /etc/openvpn
4.生成证书初始化PKI cd /etc/openvpn/2.0/#可以设置下OpenVPN参数(也可以修改vars文件来配置)
export D=`pwd`
export KEY_CONFIG=$D/openssl.cnf
export KEY_DIR=$D/keys
export KEY_SIZE=1024
export KEY_COUNTRY=CN
export KEY_PROVINCE=GD
export KEY_CITY=SZ
export KEY_ORG="dvdmaster"
export KEY_EMAIL="[email protected]"
#也可以不用设置直接执行下面的命令
. vars
创建证书颁发机构(CA)
./clean-all
./build-ca
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
................++++++
........++++++
writing new private key to 'ca.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]:
State or Province Name (full name) [GD]:
Locality Name (eg, city) [SZ]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [dvdmaster]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:dvdmaster
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:server
Email Address [[email protected]]:
建立server key
./build-key-server server
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
......++++++
....................++++++
writing new private key to 'server.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]:
State or Province Name (full name) [GD]:
Locality Name (eg, city) [SZ]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [dvdmaster]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:dvdmaster
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:server
Email Address [[email protected]]:
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:abcd1234
An optional company name []:dvdmaster
Using configuration from /etc/openvpn/2.0/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows
countryName :PRINTABLE:'CN'
stateOrProvinceName :PRINTABLE:'GD'
localityName :PRINTABLE:'SZ'
organizationName :PRINTABLE:'dvdmaster'
organizationalUnitName:PRINTABLE:'dvdmaster'
commonName :PRINTABLE:'server'
emailAddress :IA5STRING:'[email protected]'
Certificate is to be certified until Mar 19 08:15:31 2016 GMT (3650 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
生成客户端 key
./build-key client1
Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
.....++++++
......++++++
writing new private key to 'client1.key'
-----
You are about to be asked to enter information that will be incorporated
into your certificate request.
What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name or a DN.
There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
For some fields there will be a default value,
If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
-----
Country Name (2 letter code) [CN]:
State or Province Name (full name) [GD]:
Locality Name (eg, city) [SZ]:
Organization Name (eg, company) [dvdmaster]:
Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:dvdmaster
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []:client1 #重要: 每个不同的client 生成的证书, 名字必须不同.
Email Address [[email protected]]:
Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
to be sent with your certificate request
A challenge password []:abcd1234
An optional company name []:dvdmaster
Using configuration from /etc/openvpn/2.0/openssl.cnf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
The Subject's Distinguished Name is as follows
countryName :PRINTABLE:'CN'
stateOrProvinceName :PRINTABLE:'GD'
localityName :PRINTABLE:'SZ'
organizationName :PRINTABLE:'dvdmaster'
organizationalUnitName:PRINTABLE:'dvdmaster'
commonName :PRINTABLE:'client1'
emailAddress :IA5STRING:'[email protected]'
Certificate is to be certified until Mar 19 08:22:00 2016 GMT (3650 days)
Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
以此类推建立其他客户端 key
./build-key client2
./build-key client3
注意在进入 Common Name (eg, your name or your server’s hostname) []: 的输入时, 每个证书输入的名字必须不同.
5.生成Diffie Hellman参数 ./build-dh
6.将 keys 下的所有文件打包下载到本地(可以通过winscp,http,ftp等等……) tar zcvf yskeys.tar.gz keys/
7.创建服务端配置文件 mkdir /etc/openvpn/2.0/conf
cp /root/openvpn-2.1_rc15/sample-config-files/server.conf /etc/openvpn/2.0/conf/server.conf
服务端配置文件(server.conf)样例
port 1194
proto udp
dev tun
ca /etc/openvpn/2.0/keys/ca.crt
cert /etc/openvpn/2.0/keys/ovpnser.crt
key /etc/openvpn/2.0/keys/ovpnser.key # This file should be kept secret
dh /etc/openvpn/2.0/keys/dh1024.pem
server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0
ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt
push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp"
push "dhcp-option DNS 10.8.0.1"
push "dhcp-option DNS 202.103.44.150" #客户端获得的DNS地址
push "dhcp-option DNS 202.103.24.68" #客户端获得的DNS地址
client-to-client
keepalive 10 120
comp-lzo
user nobody
group nobody
persist-key
persist-tun
status openvpn-status.log
verb 3
8.启动OpenVPN /usr/local/sbin/openvpn --config /etc/openvpn/2.0/conf/server.conf &
三. OpenVPN GUI For Windows客户端安装过程
1.下载 openvpn-2.1_rc15-install.exe(此版本集成 OpenVPN GUI)官方下载地址:http://openvpn.net/release/openvpn-2.1_rc15-install.exe
2.依屏幕指示安装OpenVPN GUI
3.配置 openvpn gui将上面第6步打包的yskeys.tar.gz中的下列证书文件解压到 你的OpenVPN GUI安装路径OpenVPNconfig文件夹下 ca.crt
ca.key
client1.crt
client1.csr
client1.key
4.修改client.ovpn把你的OpenVPN GUI安装路径OpenVPNsample-config下的client.ovpn文件复制到你的OpenVPN GUI安装路径OpenVPNconfig文件夹下,用记事本打开client.ovpn #找到remote my-server-1 1194,把my-server-1改成你的ip地址
remote 221.233.59.16 1194
5.双击 client.ovpn 即可启动 openvpn, 或者通过 OpenVPN GUI 的控制启动 VPN.
三. OpenVPN 访问外网的设置
1.开启CentOS 5 的路由转发功能 echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
#为了使CentOS重启后仍然开启路由转发功能我们需要再执行下列命令
sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
2.添加iptables转发规则 #因为我那天CentOS是ADSL拨号上网,所以把出口设置成ppp0,请根据实际情况设置
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 10.8.0.0/24 -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE
3.必须保证server.conf配置中,有下面三个配置 push "dhcp-option DNS 10.8.0.1"
push "dhcp-option DNS 202.103.44.150" #客户端获得的DNS地址
push "dhcp-option DNS 202.103.24.68" #客户端获得的DNS地址
当 client 连接成功后, 在 cmd 下执行 ipconfig /all, 应该有这类似这样的输出:
Ethernet adapter 本地连接 2:
Connection-specific DNS Suffix . :
Description . . . . . . . . . . . : TAP-Win32 Adapter V9
Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-FF-F2-1A-44-BD
Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : Yes
Autoconfiguration Enabled . . . . : Yes
IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.8.0.6
Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 255.255.255.252
Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10.8.0.5
DHCP Server . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.8.0.5
DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 10.8.0.1
202.103.44.150
202.103.24.68
Lease Obtained. . . . . . . . . . : 2009年5月8日 23:55:06
Lease Expires . . . . . . . . . . : 2010年5月8日 23:55:06
四. 设置 OpenVPN 服务器 reboot后自动启动 openvpn
执行
vi /etc/rc.local
然后在最后面加入此行:
/usr/local/sbin/openvpn --config /etc/openvpn/2.0/conf/server.conf &
五.OpenVPN 测试
连接成功之后,去www.ip138.com上看看外网ip是多少,如果是CentOS系统的外网ip那说明测试成功了~
